De Anima (On the Soul)
Bekker 1837
ὥσπερ ἡ ἀκοὴ καὶ ἑκάστη τῶν αἰσθήσεων, ἡ μὲν τοῦ ἀκουστοῦ
καὶ ἀνηκούστου, ἡ δὲ τοῦ ὁρατοῦ καὶ ἀοράτου, καὶ
ἡ ὄσφρησις τοῦ ὀσφραντοῦ καὶ ἀνοσφράντου. Ἀνόσφραντον
δὲ τὸ μὲν παρὰ τὸ ὅλως ἀδύνατον ἔχειν ὀσμήν,
τὸ δὲ μικρὰν ἔχον καὶ φαύλην. Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὸ
ἄγευστον λέγεται. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ὄσφρησις διὰ τοῦ
μεταξύ, οἷον ἀέρος ἢ ὕδατος· καὶ γὰρ τὰ ἔνυδρα δοκοῦσιν
ὀσμῆς αἰσθάνεσθαι. Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰ ἔναιμα καὶ τὰ
ἄναιμα, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀέρι· καὶ γὰρ τούτων ἔνια
πόρρωθεν ἀπαντᾷ πρὸς τὴν τροφὴν ὕποσμα γινόμενα. Διὸ
καὶ ἄπορον φαίνεται, εἰ πάντα μὲν ὁμοίως ὀσμᾶται, ὁ δ’
ἄνθρωπος ἀναπνέων μέν, μὴ ἀναπνέων δὲ ἀλλ’ ἐκπνέων
ἢ κατέχων τὸ πνεῦμα οὐκ ὀσμᾶται, οὔτε πόρρωθεν οὔτ’
ἐγγύθεν, οὐδ’ ἂν ἐπὶ τοῦ μυκτῆρος ἐντὸς τεθῇ. Καὶ τὸ μὲν
ἐπ’ αὐτῷ τιθέμενον τῷ αἰσθητηρίῳ ἀναίσθητον εἶναι κοινὸν
πάντων· ἀλλὰ τὸ ἄνευ τοῦ ἀναπνεῖν μὴ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἴδιον
ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων· δῆλον δὲ πειρωμένοις. Ὥστε τὰ ἄναιμα,
ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἀναπνέουσιν, ἑτέραν ἄν τιν’ αἴσθησιν ἔχοι παρὰ
τὰς λεγομένας. Ἀλλ’ ἀδύνατον, εἴπερ τῆς ὀσμῆς αἰσθάνεται·
ἡ γὰρ τοῦ ὀσφραντοῦ αἴσθησις καὶ δυσώδους καὶ
εὐώδους ὄσφρησίς ἐστιν. Ἔτι δὲ καὶ φθειρόμενα φαίνεται
ὑπὸ τῶν ἰσχυρῶν ὀσμῶν ὑφ’ ὧνπερ ἄνθρωπος, οἷον ἀσφάλτου
καὶ θείου καὶ τῶν τοιούτων. Ὀσφραίνεσθαι μὲν οὖν
ἀναγκαῖον, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀναπνέοντα. Ἔοικε δὲ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις
διαφέρειν τὸ αἰσθητήριον τοῦτο πρὸς τὸ τῶν ἄλλων
Work
Title: De Anima
English: On the Soul
Original: Περὶ ψυχῆς
Domains: Psychology, Natural philosophy
Text information
Type: Original
Bibliographic information
Publication type: Book
Author/Editor: Bekker, Immanuel
Title: Aristotelis Opera
Published: 1837
Series: Aristotelis Opera
Volume: 3
Pages: 158-242
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Oxford
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