Hippocrates: De Natura Ossium (Nature of Bones)

φρενῶν ἐτράπετο, τὰ πρὸς ῥάχιος ἠρτημένα· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἀπόσχιδες ἐς ἰθὺ ἕκασται ἐπιφέρονται, δι’ ὀστέων καὶ σαρκῶν περαιωθεῖσαι ἀλλήλαις.

8. Αἱ φλέβες δὲ αἱ παχεῖαι ὧδε πεφύκασιν· ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ παρὰ τὴν ὀφρὺν, διὰ τοῦ νώτου παρὰ τὸν πλεύμονα ὑπὸ τοῦ στήθεος· ἡ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἐς τὸ ἀριστερὸν, ἡ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἐς τὸ δεξιόν. Ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ διὰ τοῦ ἥπατος ἐς τὸν νεφρὸν καὶ τὸν ὄρχιν, ἡ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἐς τὸν σπλῆνα καὶ νεφρὸν καὶ ὄρχιν· ταύτῃσι δὲ τὸ στόμα αἰδοῖον. Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ δεξιοῦ τιτθοῦ ἐς τὸ ἀριστερὸν ἰσχίον καὶ ἐς τὸ σκέλος· καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἐς τὰ δεξιά. Ὁ δὲ ὀφθαλμὸς ὁ δεξιὸς ἐκ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ καὶ ὁ ὄρχις, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἐκ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ὁ ἀριστερός.

9. Αἱ παχύταται τῶν φλεβῶν πεφύκασι· τέσσαρα ζεύγεά εἰσιν ἐν τῷ σώματι. Καὶ αἱ μὲν αὐτέων ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὄπισθεν διὰ τοῦ αὐχένος, ἔξωθεν παρὰ τὴν ῥάχιν ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν εἰς τὰ ἰσχία ἀφικνέεται καὶ ἐς τὰ σκέλεα· ἔπειτα διὰ τῶν κνημέων ἐπὶ τῶν σφυρῶν τὰ ἔξω καὶ ἐς τοὺς πόδας ἀφήκει. Δεῖ οὖν τὰς φλεβοτομίας ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλγημάτων τῶν ἐν τῷ νώτῳ καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἰσχίοισιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἰγνύων ποιέεσθαι καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σφυρῶν ἔξωθεν. Αἱ δὲ δεύτεραι φλέβες ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς παρὰ τὰ ὦτα διὰ τοῦ αὐχένος, σφαγίτιδες καλεόμεναι, ἔσωθεν παρὰ τὴν ῥάχιν ἑκατέρωθεν φέρουσι παρὰ τὰς ψόας ἐς τοὺς ὄρχιας καὶ ἐς τοὺς μηροὺς, καὶ [διὰ] ἰγνύων ἐκ τοῦ ἔσωθεν μέρεος· ἔπειτα διὰ τῶν κνημέων ἐπὶ τὰ σφυρὰ τὰ ἔσωθεν καὶ τοὺς πόδας. Δεῖ οὖν τὰς φλεβοτομίας ποιέεσθαι πρὸς τὰς ὀδύνας τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν ψοῶν καὶ τῶν ὀρχίων, ἀπὸ τῶν ἰγνύων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σφυρῶν ἔσωθεν. Αἱ δὲ τρίται φλέβες ἐκ τῶν κροτάφων διὰ τοῦ αὐχένος ἐπὶ τὰς ὠμοπλάτας,